The Professionals Of Construction Industry Construction Essay Example For Students

The Professionals Of Construction Industry Construction Essay The Professionalism in Constructions is a mix of determined significant exercises of experts . This is predominantly related with their occupation endeavors, for example, ; a functioning introduction of the attributes of experts, other than the level of polished skill can be assessed how fruitful you are in your occupation what's more it very well may be chosen how others position on you and how far you have created in your considering degree each piece great. Outline1 Some particular experts in building industry, for representation ; Architects, Civil A ; Structural Engineers, Mechanical A ; Electrical Engineers, Project Managers and Quantity Surveyors whom are all around prepared and very instructed and experient specialists. They are loaning with their particular perception and experience for the effective fruition of endeavors. What's more they have basic obligations and duties inside their full capacities ; for case, Preparation of drawings, Specifications, BOQ, Contract Conditions and Agreements.2 Furthermore exchange with the Time, Money, Technology, Equipments, agents and stuffs for overseeing of building endeavors and structure the endeavor resources.3 The expert associations typically give thorough improvement to the experts, for example, ; starting proficient turn of events and being a part in a foundation. It outfits free guidance and arrangement, commitment in gathering and courses, web risks and secure benefit to use on line resorts. Thus some expert associations are especially basic to the structure business, for outline ; Professionals are licentiated as RICS, CIOB, RIBA, AIQS, SLIQS, and IESL and so forth as an outcome of this, experts can build up their discernment and do advancement the level of polished methodology suitably.4 Further, certain worry related organisations furnish coaction of experts to parcel with their comprehension and experience. Thus, Professionals can use association assets to achievement of their endeavors, some of them are essentially of import to structures industry, for example, ; notice of FIDIC in universal, notice of ICTAD in Sri Lanka what's more notice of Business Enterprise A ; Regulatory Reform ( BERR ) in the United Kingdom.5 Introduction6 MAIN BODY DISCUSSIONS7 The Professionalism8 Define Concept of Professionalism9 Concept of the Professionalism on a very basic level clarified herewith, on specializer s purpose of position, the greater part of scholars have charac terized the build of polished methodology in significant volume.10 Harmonizing to the article of Journal of Chiropractic Humanities 2005 Aâ © NUHS ( Stuart Kinsinger ) Professionalism is characterized as Professionalism is administration through the use of particular comprehension, achievements, and experience ; holding oneself to the most elevated measures of thought, word, and title. 11 Refering to the above clarified comment, it tends to be recognized unmistakably what the build of demonstrable skill is,12 Further polished methodology can be depicted as ;13 Whatsoever, polished skill can non be assessed simply in visual viewpoint ; like spruceness, great preparing, and business related conversation each piece great. It ought to be really assessed through the capable talented, inside qualities, perspectives and fair work done.14 Besides, refering of the experts in building industry ; will be significantly examined in following stairss, along these lines it is farther required to dissect the historical backdrop of demonstrable skill in structures to get an appropriate perception about structures experts professionalism.15 History of Professionalism in Construction industry16 History of polished methodology has been appeared since in the start of civilisation in this universe, anyway allude to the structure business, polished skill appears at the early period of Second World War in 1942, when sing to gave records by US Naval Mobile Construction Battalion five, Command History, that unit has earned a notoriety for greatness and polished skill during the 54 mature ages of its being. Other than they have assembled flight strips, clinics, Bridgess, streets, and have given human-focused and debacle recuperation help in about each bit of the universe.17 Hence it shows up obviously, there ought to be an impossible to miss highlights and properties in professionalism.18 Features and Attributes of Professionalism19 There are figure of specials highlights and property in polished methodology to hold effectively to actualize inside the experts natural structures. This portrays give a lot of impact to achievement of demonstrable skill in their exchanges. It is as per the following ;20 Besides above particular portrays can be decided by curious realities distinguished to acquire existent polished skill in buildings.21 How is Professionalism Judged?22 Harmonizing to the book Up The Corporate Ladder Professionalism in The Workplace composed by Elsabe Manning ( owner of the Success Factory ) , Professionalism is decided by the undermentioned realities, for example, Responsibility and answerability, concern behavior, Telephone and e-decorum, Manners, Communication, Relationships, Competence, Respectfulness, Trustworthiness, Empathy and sympathy, Emotional adulthood, Image, and so on ;23 So in this way, previously mentioned realities are utilized to pass judgment on the level of demonstrable skill, thusly farther requests to see exactly about experts and their capacities pertinent to the structure industry.24 The experts of Construction Industry25 Definition26 Largely guidance, work human advancement, moral intentions, work moralss, positive idea, loosened head make anyone into an expert, out of these six focuses, in any event four ought to be available to go a decent, significant professional.A Further records ; an expert is a person who is paid to assume control over a specific arrangement of endeavors and to complete them for a fee.27 Who are the experts in Construction Industry?28 when all is said in done, there are amazingly qualified and great prepared experts are loaning inside their particular cognizance and experience to introduce the endeavors in building industry in effective. There are hardly any cardinal experts in the structure business, distinguished as, Architects, Undertaking Managers, Civil Engineers, Structural Engineers, Mechanical Engineers, Electrical Engineer and Quantity Surveyors.29 Basically, they sorted i nside their commitment with occupation condition, some of them are filling in as customer agents, and some are alloted to design crews, other than appointed to manufacturers and care houses.30 Functions of experts in Construction industry31 Most of building endeavors or houses utilize rumored experts to get legitimate bearing system so as to document endeavors closes, part with the experts particular capacities. Draftsmen, Engineer Consultants, Builders and Quantity Surveyors, whom are the experts in building industry, consequently farther will talk refering the significant elements of them pertinent to the structure endeavors as an expert squad,32 Particular purposes of cardinal elements of them are given underneath ;33 Further their capacities are quickly portrayed as follows ;34 The Architect35 Harmonizing to the Wikipedia, a creator is an individual prepared in the arranging, plan and oversight/management of the structure of buildings and further originator ought to sing site in consistently for audits to ensure that by and large, the work being completed nearby is in similarity with compositional structures and specifications.36 By and huge, Architect should hold legitimate guidance makings what's more should keep great arrangement down land to introduce their discernment for the endeavor accomplishment in footings of supportability and security of terminal clients. Other than there are Landscapes Architects, Town Planners, Infrastructures and building Architects whom are ordered on subject on administration and they include as a crew or one individual.37 Harmonizing to the Bamisile ( 2004 ) , during the structure stage Engineers ( Civil, electrical, mechanical, geotechnical and auxiliary ) should see the site much of the time for surveys, and to be guaranteed that all exercises going on similarity with their innovation drawings, particulars and plans. Other than they ought to be worried about observing and guaranting techniques and stuffs. Typically engin eer counsels joint as a rumored single house with improvement endeavors. Other than include for picking the endeavor by way of stamp or by designation. A Fee other than will be charged by Engineers as a parentage footing.38 The Quantity Surveyor ( Cost Consultant )39 Quantity assessor is the individual/house who deal with the expense identifying with the structure endeavors, for example, new structures, care work and redevelopments. Amount assessor delegate the expense of each feature of a structure undertaking as a cost master, each piece great as looks to limit the expenses of the endeavor and to accomplish more cost savings while guaranting the whole expense of undertaking does non rise above the evaluated cost.40 Furthermore when review about Architects, Engineers A ; Quantity Surveyors as Construction Professionals, other than must be distinguished their obligations and Responsibilities decently.41 Duties and obligations of experts in Construction industry42 as a rule Architect s, Undertaking chiefs, applied researchers and measure assessors are the majority of import people whom are included as experts in building industry. In this way, they must be extremely decent and great consideration of their obligations and obligations orchestrating to their work sectors.43 Their duties and obligations could be portrayed to sum things up as referenced underneath ;44 Architect45 Civil Engineers46 The Quantity Surveyor47 Pre Contract stage: 48 Post Contract stage: 49 The Construction Project Manager50 The Constructions proficient s organisations51 What is Professional organisation52 Professional

Gay male culture Essay Example for Free

Gay male culture Essay American culture has concentrated significantly more vigorously on gay men than on different individuals from the LGBT people group. This might be because of bigger quantities of men than ladies and it might likewise be because of gay men having more assets accessible to them to legitimize, investigate and play out their sexuality. The western culture all in all despite everything considers men to be male experience as the focal involvement with culture, regardless of whether the men being referred to are violating built up sexual orientation standards. Gay culture depends upon mystery images and codes woven into a general straight setting. The relationship of gay men with drama, artful dance, pro athletics, , melodic theater, the Golden Age of Hollywood, and inside plan started with well off gay men utilizing the straight topics of these media to impart their own signs. In the Marilyn Monroe film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, a melodic [filmfreakcentral. net] number highlights a lady singing while built men in uncovering outfits move around her. The mens outfits were structured by a man, the move was arranged by a man, and the artists appear to be more intrigued by one another than in the female star, yet her consoling nearness gets the grouping past the blue pencils and fits it into a general heterocentric topic. Today gay male culture is openly recognized. VIPs, for example, Liza Minnelli spent [topix. net] a lot of their social time with urban gay men, who were currently famously seen as refined and in vogue by the stream set. Superstars themselves were open about their connections. Gay men cannot be recognized by the manner in which they look or what sort of music they like. There are gay men in each field and a wide range of designs and music. Lesbian culture A lesbian is a lady who is impractically and explicitly pulled in just to other ladies. The historical backdrop of lesbian culture in the course of the last 50 years has been connected to the development of women's liberation. More seasoned generalizations of lesbian ladies focused on a polarity between ladies who clung to cliché male sex generalizations (butch) and cliché female sex generalizations (femme), and that commonplace lesbian couples comprised of butch/femme couples. Today, some lesbian ladies hold fast to being either butch or femme, yet these classifications are considerably less unbending and there is no express desire that a lesbian couple be butch/femme. There is a sub-culture inside the lesbian network called Aristasia, where lesbians in the network hold fast to misrepresented degrees of gentility. In this culture, there are two sexes, blonde and brunette, despite the fact that they are random to real hair shading. Brunettes are femme, yet blondies are much more so. Additionally striking are diesel dykes, very butch ladies who utilize male types of dress and conduct, and who frequently fill in as truck drivers. Lipstick lesbian alludes to female ladies who are pulled in just to other ladylike ladies. Promiscuous culture In present day western culture Bisexual individuals are in the exceptional circumstance of getting contempt or doubt [Lunde 1990] or even inside and out disavowal of their reality from certain components of both the straight and lesbian and gay populaces. There is obviously some component of general enemy of LGBT feeling, however a few people demand that cross-sexual individuals are uncertain of their actual emotions, that they are testing or experiencing a stage and that they in the long run will or ought to choose or find which (particular) sex they are explicitly pulled in to. One well known misinterpretation is that [Lunde 1990] bisexuals discover all people explicitly alluring. That is no more genuine than the possibility that, state, every straight man would discover all ladies explicitly alluring. More individuals of assorted types are turning out to be mindful that there are a few people who find alluring sexual accomplices among the two people now and again similarly, some of the time preferring one sex specifically . Qualifications exist between sexual direction (fascination, tendency, inclination, or want), sex personality (self-ID or self-idea) and sexual conduct (the sex of ones genuine sexual accomplices). For instance, somebody who may discover individuals of either sex appealing may by and by have connections just with individuals of one specific sex. Numerous promiscuous individuals believe themselves to be a piece of the LGBT or Queer people group [Barris, 2007]. With an end goal to make both greater perceivability, and an image for the androgynous network to assemble behind, Michael Page made the promiscuous pride banner. The cross-sexual banner, which has a pink or red stripe at the top for homosexuality, a blue one on the base for heterosexuality and a purple one in the center to speak to androgyny, as purple is from the mix of red and blue [Lunde 1990]. Transgender culture The investigation of transgender culture is confused by the numerous and different manners by which societies manage sexual orientation [hrc. org]. For instance, in numerous societies, individuals who are pulled in to individuals of a similar sex †that is the individuals who in contemporary Western culture would distinguish as gay, lesbian, or swinger †are classed as a third sexual orientation, along with individuals who might in the West be delegated transgender or transsexual. Likewise in the contemporary West, there are typically [hrc.org] a few distinct gatherings of transgender and transsexual individuals, some of which are incredibly selective, similar to bunches just for transsexual ladies who expressly need sex reassignment medical procedure or male, hetero just cross-dressers. Transmens bunches are frequently, yet not constantly, increasingly comprehensive. Gatherings focusing on every single transgender individuals, both transmen and transwomen, have by and large showed up just over the most recent couple of years. Some transgender or transsexual ladies and men anyway don't characterize as being a piece of a particular trans culture. Anyway there is a qualification among transgender and transsexual individuals who make their past known to others . Some desire to live as indicated by their sex personality and not uncover this past, expressing that they ought to have the option to live in their actual sexual orientation job in an ordinary manner, and be in charge of whom they decide to advise their past to. Epistemology of the storeroom. The articulation being in the wardrobe is utilized to depict keeping mystery ones sexual conduct or direction, most generally homosexuality or androgyny, yet in addition including the sex character of transgender and transsexual individuals [branconolilas.no. sapo. pt]. Being in the storage room is more than being private, it is a real existence molding example of camouflage where gay, lesbian, indiscriminate, or transgender people conceal their sexuality/sex character in the most significant everyday issues, with family, companions, and at work. People may wed or maintain a strategic distance from specific employments so as to keep away from doubt and introduction. Some will even profess to be hetero when asked straightforwardly. It is the intensity of the storeroom to shape the center of a people life that has made homosexuality into a huge individual, social, and political dramatization in twentieth-century America. (Seidman 2003, p. 25). Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, in her book Epistemology of the storage room, significantly centers around male homosexuality. She is likewise a scholarly who is keen on gay and lesbian investigations, strange examinations, sexual orientation studies, and women's liberation. Sedgwick (Seidman 2003, p. 25) â€Å"proposes that a large number of the significant considerations and information in twentieth-century Western culture in general are structuredâ€indeed fracturedâ€by the now endemic emergency of homo/hetero definition, characteristically male, dating from the finish of the nineteenth century†. Indiscernible thoughts regarding homosexuality illuminate the manner in which men are acculturated in the advanced West, and (Seidman 2003, p. 25) since this is along these lines, this ambiguity has come to check society for the most part. Incongruity portrays the disposition toward homosexuality in the West and is past discussion. models, are gay men absurd figures of fun or would they say they are sexual beasts who go after small kids? ; is the gay a limp-wrested delicate unsuited for the military, or the lothario of the showers who will look at as well as assault his individual servicemen? ; Is sexuality a direction or is it a decision?; are gay people conceived or would they say they are made? ; essentialism or social constructionism? ; nature/sustain?. These are all piece of the impact of this emergency in current sexual definition. Sedgwick accepts that it is difficult to mediate between these (Seidman 2003, p. 25). In depicting by and large terms the mass of logical inconsistencies that hold fast to homosexuality, she recommends that one consider it as far as a resistance between a minoritizing view and a universalizing one. A minoritizing view takes the position that homosexuality is of essential significance to a generally little gathering of genuine gay people. A universalizing view takes the position that homosexuality is of significance to people over a wide scope of sexualities. Under the universalizing view, one can put sustain, social-development, decision and a warrant for social â€Å"engineering† to destroy homosexuality(Seidman 2003, p. 25). Sedgwick says that the present discussion in strange hypothesis, among â€Å"constructivist† and â€Å"essentialist† understandings of homosexuality is the latest link(Seidman 2003, p. 25). She proceeds to presume that the continuation of this discussion is itself the most significant component of late understandings of sex. The point of the book is to investigate the disjointed agreement under which we presently live. Through an assessment of various for the most part late nineteenth century scholarly and philosophical works, including (Seidman 2003, p. 25). Melvilles BILLY BUDD, Wildes THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY, different works of Nietzsche, James THE BEAST IN THE JUNGLE, Thackerays LOVEL THE WIDOWER, and Prousts REMEMBRANCE OF THINGS PAST, Sedgwick finds various sets of restricting terms (binarisms) which she at that point demonstrates to be conflicting with and subordinate upon one another. I thought that it was interesting to follow her elucidation of the manners by which these terms were connected.

How Narrative Structure Can Send a Message - Literature Essay Samples

Jamaica Kincaid’s Girl communicates strong messages about both society’s expectations of women, and the way that certain things told to someone can have a large impact on them. The piece is written in the form of a continuous list. This style emulates our inner stream of consciousness and emphasizes the many messages expressed in the story and their lasting impact. The narrative form does a lot for the story, creating deeper meaning, and allowing the speaker to connect to readers more effectively. Kincaid highlights the overbearing expectations of women in society through the story’s list consisting of countless demands. Though it does not directly address who is speaking or giving the orders, they can be interpreted as lessons and cautionary advice given by a mother or mentor figure to a â€Å"Girl,† like the one referenced in the title. The list can be seen as the girl’s inner thoughts, as she recalls what has been told to her, the messages running through her mind. The commands are given as guidance and explain standards to the girl, telling her to â€Å"always eat your food in such a way that it won’t turn someone else’s stomach,† and to â€Å"try to walk like a lady.† The girl acts as a symbol for all girls, and the list of commands can be understood as standards set for all women. With the entire story being a list of such commands, Kincaid stresses how many standards there are for girls and how high the expectations are. The stipulations being rattled off to the girl in such a long list helps Kincaid to make a point about how much pressure is put on girls, suggesting that society can be oppressive to women. The story itself does not blatantly affirm the speaker’s emotions, but its structure mirrors her thoughts and thus reveals her reaction to all of the pressure exerted on her. The continuous flow of ideas reflects a stream of consciousness, familiar to all readers. Most people can relate to certain things said to them that linger in their mind, sometimes being repeated over and over, like a mother’s advice teaching you â€Å"how you set a table for lunch.† The messages that are cemented in our minds and repeated this way are the ones that really mean something to us; they are important lessons we need to remember that have a strong impact on us. Kincaid gives readers a look into the mind of the girl. She doesn’t have to candidly say how the girl feels because she shows what is going on in her mind. As the list that reflects her inner thoughts, Kincaid reveals how deeply impacted the girl is by all of the things she is being told to do. Kincaid shows that th ese messages are all the girl can think about, and everything said to her has been completely internalized, suggesting that she is completely overwhelmed by it. By embodying the girl’s inner thoughts, Kincaid is able to connect with her audience on a deeper level. Everyone can relate to the way past conversations repeat in your mind. The tone is also familiar to readers; the many pieces of advice and instructions for everyday life, warning you to be sanitary because â€Å"you might catch something† are given in the same voice any parent would use mentoring a child. This familiarity enables Kincaid to more effectively connect with readers, but specific word choice and certain phrases allow her to connect to readers on an even deeper, emotional level. Though some of the messages listed in the story are positive and guiding, others are more accusatory and crude. With all of the messages going through her mind, the girl remembers several demeaning things said to her, like advice given so that people â€Å"won’t recognize immediately the slut I have warned you against becoming.† By including messages like this, with vu lgar word choice calling the girl a â€Å"slut,† Kincaid evokes an emotional reaction from readers, who imagine a mother telling her daughter to â€Å"prevent yourself from looking like the slut I know you are.† In doing this Kincaid is able to capture the reader’s attention more, and create a sense of anger through her display of society’s standards for girls. As the list is also compiled of almost all things told to the girl, only two short phrases put in italics represent her own dialogue. The girl replies to two of the instructions given to her. In one of these instances she defends herself when she is accused of singing benna in Sunday school and told not to; she says â€Å"but I don’t sing benna on Sundays at all and never in Sunday school.† The two times that the girl replies back are also relatable to readers as they resemble a desperate reply to the messages repeating in her mind; she is talking back. She is only speaking in her tho ughts, however, which most people can relate to as a moment when you think back to a conversation and come up with comebacks or words that you wish you said to someone in that conversation. By including these two moments where the girl’s own words are used, Kincaid is able to further connect with readers. The fact that the entire piece represents the thoughts going through the girl’s mind, yet only two short phrases are her own dialogue, where she inwardly defends herself, shows how strongly the instructions and orders stick with her; they are the only things going through her mind. It also suggests a sense of oppression as this is all that matters to her, and she has no voice and no further personal opinions besides the two brief occasions that she uses her own words. Kincaid uses unique narrative structure to create deeper meaning and to better connect with her readers. By mirroring the speaker’s inner thoughts, she presents the issue of society’s damaging and overbearing standards for women. In showing the way that high expectations and excessive instruction internally impacts girls, she is able to address the problem of society’s oppressive view of women and get readers more engaged in the topic.

Christ Blessing, Surrounded By A Donor Family - 1159 Words

Christ Blessing, Surrounded by a Donor Family (1573-1582) offers valuable insight into a changing European landscape during the sixteenth century. The Protestant Reformation, which reached its climax during this era, rejected many aspects of Catholicism. Among other things, Protestants believed that each individual should read the Bible and develop a meaningful connection to G-d rather than limiting the Bible to the clergy’s interpretation.1 This Protestant belief and other tenets of the Reformers are evident in the Reformation’s art. Christ Blessing, Surrounded by a Donor Family demonstrates the manner in which the cultural shift from Catholicism to Protestantism in Northern Europe during the Reformation was reflected in that era’s art.†¦show more content†¦The inscriptions of Bible verses in Low German in Christ Blessing, Surrounded by a Donor Family are also indicative of the influence on Protestant beliefs on the painting. Prior to the Reformation, t he Bible (like all Catholic liturgy) was always read in Latin. However, Latin was a language that was only comprehensible to the clergy and to a small class of very well educated and wealthy individuals. The vast majority of Europeans did not comprehend Latin and, therefore, they had to rely on the clergy to interpret the Bible’s teachings. Moreover, prior to the invention of the printing press Bibles, like all other books, had to be copied by hand. Since this was a time consuming and expensive process, Bibles were not widely dispersed. At the start of the Reformation, Gutenberg designed the printing press. The revolutionary invention of the printing press enabled the mass production of books and a reduction in their cost, which allowed a much larger audience to own Bibles.5 Furthermore, the translation of the Bible into the vernacular allowed a much wider audience to read and interpret it for themselves.6 The wide dissemination of relatively inexpensive Bibles in the vernac ular served as a powerful catalyst for the spread of Protestantism. The inscriptions on the painting are indicative of the Protestant desire to disseminate the Bible broadly. Moreover, they derive from a copy of Johannes Bugenhagen’s translation of the bibleShow MoreRelatedThe Portinari Altarpiece by Hugo Van Der Goes Essay2029 Words   |  9 Pagesassessed in the context of Hugo’s stylistic and physiological proclivity, the demands of the donors and the function of the altarpiece within a contemporary fifteenth century context. Tommaso Portinari commissioned this altarpiece for the chapel of Sant’ Egidio, in the hospital of Santa Maria Nuova, Florence, of which his family was patrons. The dedication of artworks to chapel hospitals by wealthy donors was customary. Such commissions served the vainglory of the patrons and perhaps also enhanced

The Disney Departure Differences Before And After The...

The Disney Departure: Differences Before and After the Death of Walt Disney According to the leadership of the Southern Baptist Convention, the Walt Disney Corporation historically stood for â€Å"basic American virtues and values† but now represents a â€Å"significant departure from Disney’s family-values image, and a gratuitous insult to Christians and others who have long supported Disney.† Their belief is that Disney entertainment products produced while Walt Disney was alive differ substantially from those produced in the post-Walt era. Through time, it is inevitable that particular things have changed since the production of Walt’s personal films from the 1920’s to the 1960’s (such as being aesthetically and cinematically advanced, in†¦show more content†¦Although this is not directly under Walt’s authority, and they are predominant shifts, the basic â€Å"American virtues and values† remains the same throughout each Disney entertainment product that is released. One of the most evident changes in Disney entertainment products in the post-Walt era is the introduction of homosexual characters. Conservative Christian groups continue to argue that LGBTQ activists have a secret plan to advance homosexual lifestyles, thus destroying ‘traditional’ marriage ideas. This ‘Gay Agenda,’ according to groups such as the Southern Baptist Convention, is ‘apparent in Disney releases.’ For example, in Tangled, Flynn and Rapunzel visit a tavern that is filled with men with dreams associated with homosexuality, such as an interior designer and a pastry chef. Disney television shows have also presented homosexual characters and storylines, with Ellen Degeneres’ ‘coming out’ episode being the most infamous of the bunch. Recently, on Disney’s hit television show, Good Luck Charlie, two women were introduced to the cast as the homosexual parents of Charlie’s best friend, Taylor. However, even with the debut of these characters in the post-Walt era, the â€Å"basic American virtues and values† are still found in

Factors Influencing The Demand For Housing â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Factors Influencing The Demand For Housing? Answer: Introducation Housing tenure varies based on the demographic factors, current economic trends, employment status as well as wage earning status (Frogner, 2002). Labour cost in future is forecasted to decrease from 99.80 (2017) to 97.62 index points (Trading Economics, 2017). Therefore, the labour market conditions can be considered favourable in accordance with the ability of Jane to buy her own property. The factors of labour market conditions, earnings, intensity to search for a job and mobility play an important role in the task of owning a property (Frogner, 2002). Corresponding to the labour market conditions, wage growth rate is forecasted to increase from 1.90% to 3.3% in the future. Therefore, it is really favourable for Jane to invest in her own property because her ability to purchase and bear its costs will be much easier with continuous increase in the wage rate (Trading Economics, 2017). Correspondingly, any loosening of fiscal or monetary policy in future will increase the housing prices (Parliament of Australia, n.d.). This shall not be feasible for Jane and hence the recent scenario can be regarded as a correct time to purchase her own property. Apart from property investments, Jane can invest in managed funds and shares despite commercial real estate investment being most feasible (Pickworth, 2017). However, investing elsewhere apart from property is risky and since Jane does not have a backup in case of any loss on her investment, it is a better option for her to buy the property rather than staying there on rent, which may turn out to be comparatively expensive in nature (Parliament of Australia, n.d.). Interest Rate Environment Since, the interest rate environment is affected by low inflation, less difference can be found between the policy rates and housing loan rates. Therefore, as per the feasibility as well as fiscal and monetary policy changes, the interest rate environment can be considered favourable for Jane to purchase her own property. In the near future, the home loan might become overtly expensive and hence the first time buyers of properties might be at a comparatively advantageous position (Corderoy, 2017). Hence, the most feasible decision for Jane is to buy her own property based on the additional advantage. The 2017 interest rate is 1.50% and the future forecast is 3% along with the residential ownership rate, which will probably decrease in the future (Trading Economics, 2017). It is really a good time to buy ones own property because of the favourable interest rate environment. Therefore, her ability to buy a property with lower interest rate of housing and loan has made the operations even more favourable for Jane. This shows that labour market conditions have a positive impact on the housing decisions of Jane. Therefore, it can be inferred that the rise in interest rate may lead to the increase in the tenant rent, thereby leading Jane towards a stricter decision-making on the purchase of her own property (Beresford, 2017). Therefore, as per the feasibility along with the changes in fiscal and monetary policy, the interest rate environment is observed to be favourable for the purchase of Janes own property. As per the government policies, the fiscal expenditure is forecasted to decrease in future from AUD 37,475 million to 36,685 million (Trading Economics, 2017). As it was observed that low housing loan rate of interest has been decreasing the interest rates of the policy of Reserve Bank in turn results in the environment of low inflation (Parliament of Australia, n.d.). Thus, it has made the current environment favourable to invest in the domain of housing. Global Economic Influences on the Australian Economy Global economy influences the Australian economy prominently through the macro-environment conditions. For instance, the depression of 1930s as well as in 1970s was the inflation that affected not only the global but the Australian economies (Macfarlane, 2005). As a result of these global economic conditions, a state of imbalance was apparent in the Australian economy with constant increase in the housing prices and debts a (Macfarlane, 2005). However, in the recent context, it was not fully affected by the financial crisis in Asian and global economies, which was possible through proper management. Although there is a risk of fall in the property prices as compared to the historic data, there is a great feasibility evident in the property ownership for Jane (Janda, 2017). Monetary and fiscal policy is thus formulated based on the changes in the global economy and their possible impact in the Australian economy through the implementation of critical analysis procedure and statistical measures (Macfarlane, 2005). Local Property Market Conditions Based on the global conditions and its impact on the local property, it can be stated that market conditions shall also affect the decisions of Jane for their investment. In the recent context, Melbourne and Sydney have been facing inflation, which is the ultimate result of increased demand in the property market (Condon, 2017). The impact of this overheated Australian economy poses a tremendous impact on the affordability of the people particularly in the domain of housing. In addition, their choices relating to investing in the purchases or renting creates an environment of uncertainty as per the decision making similar to Jane (Condon, 2017). Therefore, conclusions can be drawn based on the government policies affecting the local property marketing conditions such as increasing or decreasing the housing price rates among others (Condon, 2017). Global and Domestic Equity Market Performance Equity market has affected the Australian economy, which indirectly or directly poses an impact on the purchasing decisions of the citizens. Gaps between debt and earning yields have also been observed which suggested that merger and acquisition activities must be increasingly facilitated to stabilize the economy (Potter, 2017). These gaps are not favourable because there was an increase in the value stocks prices and quality, which in turn results in the rise of interest rates (Potter, 2017). This shall also have negative impacts on the investment decisions of Jane, wherein her objectives shall not be fulfilled as expected. Posing an impact on the equity market performance, the global policy has become unsustainably low and has started to deflate. Therefore, there tends to be evident instances of uncertainty in the policy making (Potter, 2017) References Beresford, 2017. Will interest rates hit 10%? , Property Investor, viewed 20 September 2017, https://www.apimagazine.com.au/property-investment/will-interest-rates-hit-10-percent. Condon, T 2017. Heated house market hits a ceiling in Sydney and Melbourne, The Australian, auditing 20 September 2017, https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/inquirer/heated-house-market-hits-a-ceiling-in-sydney-and-melbourne/news-story/08a7b3f7cdb2feecfbcb15dd82746358. Corderoy, J 2017. Rising interest rates will cool property market, Finance, viewed 20 September 2017, https://www.news.com.au/finance/real-estate/buying/rising-interest-rates-will-cool-property-market/news-story/54bd7bf83fd012cd706de626cc74b262. Frogner, Mari L 2002, Housing tenure and the labour market, National Statistics Feature, pp. 523-534. Janda, M 2017. Australia's economy: The Murphy's Law forecast for 2017, ABC, viewed 20 September 2017, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-06/murphys-law-guide-to-australian-economy/8163918. Macfarlane, I.J 2005, Global influences on the Australian economy, Reserve Bank of Australia, pp. 1-6. Parliament of Australia, n.d., Chapter 4 - Factors influencing the demand for housing, Former Senate Committees, viewed 18 September 2017, https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Former_Committees/hsaf/report/c04. Pickworth, C 2017, Experts reveal where you should be investing your cash, Finance, viewed 18 September 2017, https://www.news.com.au/finance/money/wealth/experts-reveal-where-you-should-be-investing-your-cash/news-story/b99503c7bde9191f91d976e21b5a98b4. Potter, B 2017. 2017 Australian equity market outlook, Nikko AM Limited, viewed 20 September 2017, https://www.nikkoam.com.au/adviser/articles/2017/02/2017-australian-equity-market-outlook. Trading Economics 2017. Australia | Economic Forecasts | 2017-2020 Outlook, Trading financial accounting, viewed 20 September 2017,

Native Son Essays (479 words) - Native Son, , Term Papers

Native Son Richard Wright is the author of the novel, Native Son. By writing the novel, he wanted to awaken America to the realities of the relationship between blacks and whites in the controversial 1930s. When he wrote this novel, it caused many disputes among Americans. Many people thought that some of the issues Wright included in his novel were not appropriate to write about. Richard Wright believed that even the bad parts of America should be seen, though. This story takes place in Chicago, Illinois in the late 1930s. The main character is Bigger Thomas. He is a twenty year old black man who lives in a one-room apartment with his mother, sister, and brother. The part of town they live in is infested with crime, and most of the buildings are dilapidated. Bigger believes that he could never get far in life because of his being an inferior black man in a"white" world. Bigger wants to help support his family, so he decides to apply for a job as a chauffeur. He is hired by a millionaire named Henry Dalton, who allows Bigger to live in his house. Mr. Dalton and his wife, who is blind, always try to help their employees succeed in life. Everything goes well for a while until one night when Mr. Dalton's teenage daughter, Mary, gets drunk. Bigger carries Mary to her room after she falls down while climbing the stairs. While Bigger is in Mary's room, Mrs. Dalton comes to check in on her. Although Mrs. Dalton wouldn't be able to see Bigger in Mary's room, he is afraid that Mary might make a noise and Mrs. Dalton might think that he is raping her daughter. In his terror, Bigger covers Mary's face with a pillow and accidentally smothers her. When Bigger sees that he killed Mary, he freaks out, chops up her body with an ax, and hides it in the furnace downstairs. Although he acts out of fear and doesn't know what he is doing, Bigger still feels a sense of control that he's never felt before. Bigger leads everyone to believe that Mary's Communist friend, Jan, kidnapped her. Nobody suspects Bigger until one day, when the remains of her body are found in the furnace. He gets his girlfriend, Bessie, involved to help him get money and run away, but he kills her to avoid betrayal. Bigger is finally caught by the police and put on trial. During the course of the trial, he is amazed to find that Jan has forgiven him for all that he did. He can't believe that a white man actually treats him like a human being. Bigger is convicted of murder and ultimately pays with his life to learn that all humans are equal. I love this book! It shows the true story of how hard it can be to live in a prejudiced society. This novel is full of suspense and is really able to stir up controversies within oneself. I would definitely recommend this book to people.

Social class and homelessness Essays

Social class and homelessness Essays Social class and homelessness Essay Social class and homelessness Essay Essay Topic: Sociology Social class is a large category of people who are similar in income level, educational attainment, and occupational prestige. There are six different social classes, the first class, capitalist class includes the wealthiest one percent of Americans second class, and the upper middle class is composed of managers or professionals and is about fifteen percent of the United States population. Third class, the lower middle class is made up of lower level managers and semi professionals, fourth class the working class is composed of clerical and sales workers and make up thirty-two percent of the population. The fifth class, the working poor includes laborers and service workers which make up ten percent and the sixth class the underclass is composed of the unemployed and underemployed which is nine to ten percent of the population. Your position in society tends to be determined by that of your ancestors. What class youre born into usually means what you will achieve. You learn your values, ambitions, drive, and determination to succeed, and set your goals from what you learn from your family members. A third of the homeless men that Mitchell Duneier spoke to ended on the streets after not being able to find work, which then led to their use of drugs and alcohol (sidewalk 52). Because they were situated in the fifth social class, the working poor, they found no other choice but to become homeless, living on the streets. Many after faced with unemployment end up with the Fuck it mentality, which enables a person to give up an apartment and sleep on the street, cutting all ties with friends and families (61). The homeless, it seems have little to no chance of becoming housed. The police take advantage of the uneducated homeless individuals, at times ignoring the law (277). Also, the homeless are not allowed use of public bathrooms. If the homeless are not allowed to use a bathroom, the only other option is to relieve oneself on the street, a concept which many refuse to accept or acknowledge. Any society with high levels of economic inequality, racism, illiteracy, and drug dependency, and with inadequate transitions from mental hospitals and prisons to work and home, will have vast numbers of people who cannot conform to the requirements of its formal institutions (317). The men that lose employment and end up turning to drugs and alcohol eventually end up spending a period in prison and then being released to the streets (52). Without any other option they turn to living on the streets, panhandling to make a living. Family, a group which is united by ties of marriage, ancestry, or adoption and who comprise a single household and raise children, plays an important aspect in the lives of those that choose to become homeless. In Rons case, both his parents were alcoholics and when he lost his job he also turned to alcohol (47-48). Without solid family support the unemployed become drug addicts living on the streets. In Rons case his elderly aunt became that support and excuse to work towards getting off the streets. For Mudrick the birth of his granddaughter gave him a reason to work hard and survive (75). In Sidewalk the aspects of what the homeless and the working poor go through is brought to light. The street vendors try to make an honest living by selling books and magazines, which is allowed by New York City ordinances. The problems they encounter make it hard for them to succeed in any form. Their presence on the sidewalks has been a source of controversy; many store vendors protest their right to sell books on the same street as their business, many times not allowing the vendors the right to use their public bathrooms. The vendors are public characters, an institution for the village with many regular customers and residents that donate reading material. Several times throughout the book the vendors give directions to lost tourists, watch over deliveries, and help to discourage crime in the village. Even though the vendors have become apart of New York, the local government is still working to discourage street vending by passing new ordinances, which cuts down on vending space. The vendors, even though trying to make an honest living are met with un-satisfaction and rudeness from all they encounter, with the police, at times, taking advantage of their power.

Legal and finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legal and finance - Assignment Example ed with a minimum economic wage and the number of the hours worked in the day should be compensated in the form of overtime if it surpasses the standard working hours. The government sets the minimum wage, and any private or public sector must conform to it. Payment of extra hours worked should be more than the usual working rate. These legislations are provided for by the fair labor standards act administered by the wage and hour division department in the federal system. Workers are also entitled to safety working conditions at workplaces. This law is provided for by the fed under occupational and safety health Act (OSHA). The employees should only work with a free harmful environment, and the organization should take responsibility whenever a person is injured in the cause of duty. The department monitors this by inspections of various firms and ensures that all employees are safe. The federal act also provides for family and medical leave which is unpaid. Hence, employees can always attend to cases of serious health, allow women to give birth and take care of the young ones and any other family responsibility that may befall them. Any organization that does not comply with these laws and denies employee their accessibility is subject to prosecution in a court of justice. Ways on how the salary is arrived at or determined. It should be based on duties, experience, educational investment of the employee and any other relevant factor that may require compensation. This factor prevents exploitation of the employee. However, the compensation of workers must be of market wage rate and employees should be contented with it. Since the organization is trading in a competitive market, demanding of high salaries and more benefits would do a great harm and the employee’s jobs will not be protected (Vargas & Noruzi,2011).. The organization will experience a high costs in operations that may force the firm to lay off workers, or the company may quit operations since

Should workers have the right to strike, and should this right be Essay

Should workers have the right to strike, and should this right be restricted in particular contexts or for particular groups of - Essay Example However, if companies adopt a stakeholder model of corporate governance, the need to strike might be averted. The stakeholder model of corporate governance becomes relevant in the issue of a strike because the structure of the philosophy of governance, when geared towards a shareholder model becomes a microcosm example of survival of the fittest. Each member of a shareholder model is serving his or her own interests because the overall corporate culture is geared towards only protecting the interests of the owners at the expense of all other considerations. Improvements in employment conditions do not occur unless they are of a benefit to the shareholder’s interests. Layoffs and terminations are made liberally with high levels of turnover when the interests of all parties are usurped by an upward flow of actions that are geared solely towards the owners. In a stakeholder model of corporate governance, all parties, including the employees, are taken into consideration when maki ng the decisions that affect the company. Everyone’s concerns and needs are addressed, and most are met, in order for all to receive the benefits of the interests of the company. The Right to Strike The U.K. ... While the Constitution has since been signed, the issues were important enough that it delayed the U.K. in agreeing to all the terms within the document. Part of the regulations that define the right to work in the UK are structures on how a strike must be approached and voted upon. Although, as pointed out by Mr. Hendy during a debate in Parliament in 2009, all governments have restrictions on the right to strike, the British government has set up structures that limit those rights to a point that the international community has voiced objections that have had to be addressed (Great Britain and Dismore 2009, p. 25). Therefore, the debate over the right to strike has been an ongoing issues within the U.K. However, the right to strike extends beyond the laws that currently and previously structured the rights of the employee to protest his or her conditions within the work place. The right to strike is the right to help define how a social group, that group defined by the workers, has the ability to designate boundaries under which they will allow themselves to be used for the purposes of commerce. The right to strike is a legal concept, but it is also a human rights concept that must be considered when there are problems within the work place that are impeding the basic human condition. According to Amnesty International (2010) the right to strike is a human’s right’s issue that can be held as a standard in regard to the level of human rights that are available within a nation. When a country cannot afford its workers the rights to organize and protest conditions that are not conducive to the welfare of their lives. Issues such as fair wages and worker safety can create problems that must be

Vascular Dementia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Vascular Dementia - Research Paper Example The patient is undergoing transient ischemic attack commonly referred to as TIA, usually, lasts for twenty-four hours. It is a neurologic dysfunction which results from blood deprivation of one or more parts of the brain. It causes blurred or loss of vision, dysarthria, aphasia and mental confusion associated with loss of memory. The formation of thrombus or clot in the blood supply and alarming rate of vasoconstriction may lead to Ischemia. The patient was diagnosed with heart disease six months previously and presently with vascular dementia which is the loss of memory caused by many minor strokes.TIA and Vascular Dementia both are associated with diseases of the heart like hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Males aged above 55 years of age and having a family history of stroke are at a greater risk.The cause should be diagnosed by the imaging of the brain and an electrocardiogram. Sometimes surgery endarterectomy is requisite for removing the plaque, thrombus or clot from the carotid arteries. However, a stroke can occur during the procedure. In case of emergency situations, medication such as anticoagulants is given. Heparin, warfarin or the antiplatelet medication such as aspirin are prominently used. These drugs help in thinning the blood thereby minimizing the probability of thrombus formation and the travel of clot towards the brain. The patient should take care and bring a clear change in their life styles by quitting smoking, eating a healthy diet with lots of fruits, weight loss, and regular exercise.

Romeo And Juliet Film Review Essay -- essays research papers

Don’t Hang Up Philosophy –Philosophy Can Make A Movie Film: Romeo and Juliet Director: Baz Luhrmann Stars: Leonardo DiCaprio & Claire Danes Plot: Two lovers of rival, disputing families take their lives. Rating: Reviewer: Claire Ginn Welcome to Verona Beach, a sexy, violent other-world, neither future nor past, ruled by two rival families, the Montagues and the Capulets... So begins Baz Luhrmann’s production of Shakespeare's beloved play, "Romeo and Juliet," from the famous opening line of "Two Households both alike in dignity.." to the tragic end, the viewer is whisked away into the ‘depths’ of heightened realism in the world of Verona Beach. Casting includes Claire Danes and Leonardo DiCaprio as Romeo and Juliet as well as great performances by John Leguizamo (Tybalt) and, Harold Perrineau (Mercutio). Danes brings life to the character of Juliet and reaches far beyond the subservient stereotype of most Elizabethan characters with her ambition and assertion, although she sometimes sounds like a schoolgirl reading lines aloud for a teacher. DiCaprio is not quite as polished and in some scenes you may find him off-hand and whiny, however he manages to capture the depth and thoughtfulness associated with Romeo. Updated to modern Verona Beach (rather than Verona, Italy), this film has all the pop and zip one would expect from a tale of family feud, star-crossed lovers and bloodthirsty vengeance. It includes a mix of classical and religious imagery....

Alcoholism and Public Health Law Essay

Alcohol consumption poses a threat for many public health harms. Impaired driving is one of the largest contributors to motor vehicle crashes (Burris, Grunwald, Anderson, &ump; Filippoli, 2011). In the United States each year roughly 13,400 people die and an additional 255,500 are injured in motor vehicle crashes involving an alcohol-impaired driver according to Burris et al., 2011. In 2006, these crashes accounted for almost a third of all U.S. traffic-related deaths (Burris et al., 2011). Alcohol is the most commonly abused substance in the United States according to Pandrea, Happel, Amedee, Bagby, &ump; Nelson, 2010, and studies show that reducing alcohol consumption can lead to public health improvements such as decreased incidence of â€Å"liver cirrhosis, delirium tremens, male suicide, criminality, hospitalizations, alcohol-related disease mortality, workplace injuries, STDs, IPV, rape, robbery, and severe violence towards children† (Jernigan). Public heath deals with m any other issues that cause burdens to individuals and society alike such as obesity and gun use. Over the past several months, headlines in the news have been echoing â€Å"Chocolate Milk Removed from School Lunches,† and â€Å"Senate Considers Federal Tax on Soda.† While the removal of chocolate milk from school menus has actually happened in certain school districts across the country, federal tax on sodas has only been a proposal at this point. However, both echoes resounding through the news originated from escalating research that America’s twin epidemics of diabetes and obesity are due to diets high in sugar. The end result is that the actions taken to fight obesity have not been classified as either effective, uncertain, or harmful consistently through studies and research because there are too many variables like genetics, other sugar-loaded beverages and foods on the shelf, lack of exercise, abundance of video games, and the lifestyle one is accustomed that contribute to obesity as well. But even with the slightest inclination eliminating chocolate milk or federal tax on soda will eliminate sugar from obese population’s diet and thereby reduce weight, support groups and supporting research seem to load up the band wagons. Alcohol abuse is certainly an epidemic, and the domino effect of negativity it can cause in one’s life and surroundings creates a dismal forecast into the future of American public health somewhat similar to the obesity epidemic. Obesity and alcohol consumption act as a comparison between two similar, yet contradictory issues, much like public health and  public health law. High-risk drinking results in many consequences for public health and unlike obesity and soda tax, a multitude of systematic literature reviews conducted by highly-regarded scholars and published by credible organizations or peer-reviewed journals prove taxes that increase the price of alcohol effectively reduce overall alcohol consumption. Although ways to reduce alcohol consumption are not made glamorous in the news like many other trending public health epidemics, alcohol abuse is one of the few conflicts public health epidemiologists and economists have derived a bullet proof plan of action to effecti vely reduce its harmful effects. This manuscript serves as an evidence brief summarizing the problem, the law, the evidence, and the bottom line pertaining to the effect of increasing tax levels on alcohol use, and to prove why understanding public health law and policy is essential in bridging the gap between proven studies performed by public health professionals and the legislators and lobbyists who can implement the findings. Using the current state of obesity as an example was merely to cast light on the standstill alcohol abuse is undergoing, which ultimately resides in the poor connection between public health research and public health law. However, it is worth noting that other strategies exist to control alcohol abuse besides trying to impose what some may call a â€Å"sin tax,† such as comprehensive prevention programs: 1) Offer and promote social, recreational, extracurricular, and public service alcohol-free options; 2) Create a social, academic, and residential environment that supports health-p romoting norms; 3) Limit alcohol availability both on and off campus; 4) Restrict marketing and promotion of alcoholic beverages both on and off campus; and 5) Develop and enforce policies and laws at the campus, local, state and federal levels (The Demand for Alcohol: The Differential Response to Price, 2005). The elements of a comprehensive prevention program limit some of the damage caused by alcohol abuse but the epidemic flows forward. Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that alcohol use disorders (AUDs) such as alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence are widespread in the general population of the United States, with approximately 8.5 percent of adults having had an AUD in 2007 (Falk, Yi, &ump; Hiller-Sturmhofel, 2008). Moreover, many people suffering from AUDs also suffer from one or more other psychiatric disorders, including other drug use disorders (DUDs), mood  disorders like major depression, anxiety disorders, or personality disorders like antisocial personality disorder (Falk et al., 2008). Falk et al., 2008, also reported the prevalence of alcohol use and AUDs is much higher among people with drug use and DUDs, respectively, than vice versa. This reflects the fact that alcohol is much more widely used than other drugs may be a gateway to the use of illegal or mo re potent drugs (Falk et al., 2008). Falk et al., 2008, reported that their results showed a dose-response relationship between the two classes of substances, with rates of drug use, weekly drug use, and DUDs increasing â€Å"monotonically with increasing levels of alcohol consumption and the presence of AUDs.† The descriptive study by Falk et al., 2008, not only portrays the grim effects of alcohol abuse but is also just one of the many credible reviews providing prevalence estimates providing health care policymakers and treatment planners with a â€Å"comprehensive assessment of the state of the use, co-use, and co-morbidity of alcohol and other drugs in the United States.† The flow of abuse and effects unfortunately does not have a dam, and floods further along into public health. Justice, Lynn, &ump; Fiellin, 2010, have shown that past and present alcohol consumption directly influences HIV progression and survival by altering timing of, adherence, and response to medication designed to minimize levels of HIV in the body like antiretroviral treatment (ART). Alcohol use also influences patient outcomes by increasing the risk for HIV and antiretroviral associated co morbidities, including liver disease, cardiovascular and cerebral vascular disease, pulmonary disease, bone disease, and cancer (Justice et al., 2010). Those with HIV have a lower tolerance for alcohol, according to Justice et al., 2010, yet preserve intense levels of consumption as they age and the growing effects of past and current alcohol consumption is likely to increase because patients with HIV infection are expected to live 20 to 30 years with ART. Lamentably, alcohol is a terror that looms around society and affects the weak and strong alike. Strong populations mostly include college and university students, who likely do not have HIV or AUDs or DUDs while pursuing a higher education. However, 25 percent of students report academic problems caused by alcohol use according to The Demand for Alcohol: The Differential Response to Price, 2005. Students who practice high-risk drinking are at risk for a host of problems, including: 1) A decline in academic performance  due to poor grades, missed classes, and falling behind that may lead to academic probation or dropping out of school; 2) Engaging in unprotected sex; 3) Increased risk of perpetrating or being a victim of violence, including sexual assault, hazing, vandalism, and fights; 4) Health problems related to alcohol use; and 5) Injury, arrest or death due to drinking and driving, or other alcohol-related causes (The Demand for Alcohol: The Differential Response to Price, 2005). Much like concrete cracking and eventually more and more cracks ensuing, are the secondary effects alcohol abuse has on campuses. Firstly, drinking undermines the goal institutions of higher education set forth, since heavy drinking leads to a decline in academic performance. Furthermore, heavy drinking can affect the campus as a whole through reducing retention rates, increasing expenses due to damage from vandalism, and branding the institution as a party school. The â€Å"party school† image may attract students who choose to be in high-risk settings, increasing the likelihood of alcohol-related incidents on campus (The Demand for Alcohol: The Differential Response to Price, 2005). Students who do not drink may also experience negative consequences of alcohol use by their peers according to The Demand for Alcohol: The Differential Response to Price, 2005. Effects may include study or sleep interruption, taking care of a drunken friend, having an unwanted sexual advance, hav ing property damaged, and being a victim of violence including physical or sexual assault. Over three-quarters of students living on campus have experienced at least one of the negative secondary effects of alcohol use at their school (The Demand for Alcohol: The Differential Response to Price, 2005). Perhaps a creative genius health professional strategizes a prevention program that eliminates alcohol consumption, only a short duration of time will pass and the marketing departments of major breweries will promote their brand in a way to pull the public right back into the flow of intake. Or maybe no successful prevention program forms, but raising the excise taxes on alcohol is being accelerated by legislature efforts in order to reduce alcohol consumption and abuse. In this case, consistent industry political donations and lobbying aimed at keeping alcohol excise taxes from increasing are in place for these companies profiting from their unhealthy product. The primary problem this brief sought out to analyze is alcohol abuse and the extensive list of problems discussed in detail above it  causes. The problem paves the way to the law. And given the circumstances that stricter law enforcement and prevention strategies have only resolved a minute fraction of the problem, the law is the answer as it offers a glass ceiling. No federal tax increases have been implemented since 1991 and many states, although legislative efforts have been accelerating across the country, have failed to increase the tax. However, tax law in the epidemic of alcohol abuse, is the solution with most opportunity for proving effective. Burris et al., 2011, define tax law as a mechanism for reducing consumption of unhealthy products. The same news that reported the removal of chocolate milk from selected school districts has reported increased taxes on cigarettes, so it is simple to understand that both the federal government and the states have used taxes as a means of increasing the cost of products associated with health risks in the past. Taxes can be levied upon the production and or sale of alcohol and are often described as excise taxes Burris et al., 2011, have reported. According to the Federation of Tax Administrators, almost every state taxes the sale or production of beer, liquor and wine (Burris et al., 2011). Nevertheless, increasing alcohol tax is not as straightforward and effortless as simply applying the definiton of tax law to the problem and stepping away. State readiness to act on alco hol tax research findings marks the beginning of constructing the bridge that will essentially connect public health to public health law. Many key factors are subject to broad consensus among members of the Coordinating panel and other participating experts (Tremper &ump; Mosher, 2005). Components that are most important are the budget deficit or other substantial need for the state to raise taxes, the strength of the advocates/coalition that would introduce research findings, and the availability of funds that can be used for legislative advocacy. Items of decreasing importance are existence and efficacy of a lobbyist for the issue, well-positioned champion in both houses of the legislature, and the political strength of the alcohol industry and its allies. Other factors include support of the governor, permissibility of earmarking, high proportion of nondrinkers, high proportion of evangelicals and/or fundamentalists, and support of major media (Tremper &ump; Mosher, 2005). Discussion of the former findings serve as a starting point for analyzing the conclusions of specific literature reviews that increasing alcohol taxes  improves public health and that various factors affect the likelihood that research findings will influence alcohol tax policy. After the preliminary analysis, possibly the most important finding to extract is the consent among alcohol tax advocates, legislative process experts, advocates who have successfully used research findings to influence tobacco tax policy, and other interested parties in regard to state tax policy, and whether a state needs to raise taxes for financial reasons. Tremper &ump; Mosher, 2005, have stated that in practical terms reflecting political realities, if a state is not facing a budget deficit, raising alcohol taxes to achieve public health benefits is highly unlikely. Continuing strain on state budgets has a high likelihood of continuing; therefore, raising taxes is going to be on most states’ legislative agenda for the projected future. Another important finding that bodes well for alcohol tax to appear on legislative agendas is that alcohol taxes are low by several measures and in some states have not been raised for decades, which means that inflation has reduced them t o a fraction of their previous level (Tremper &ump; Mosher, 2005). For example, had the beer tax merely kept up with inflation, it would be more than three times today’s rate of $18 per barrel; the liquor tax would be more than five times its current rate of $13.50 per proof gallon (Alcohol Taxes on the Federal Front, 2005). As prices rise, the relative importance of the taxes falls, unless Congress raises them according to the website Alcohol Taxes on the Federal Front. The website further foes on to state statistics indicating beer and wine taxes have been raised only once in the past 55 years, liquor taxes only twice and as a result, tax revenues that accounted for 12 percent of the sales of alcohol in 1980 now amount to only 7 percent of total sales. The result is a de facto subsidy on drinking and extra profits for alcohol manufacturers at the expense of taxpayers (Alcohol Taxes on the Federal Front, 2005). CONCLUSION: The beer industry has long opposed raising taxes on its products, even maintaining that they should be lowered. However, lower beer taxes would only add to the deficit, cater to a prosperous industry, reward and encourage heavy drinking, and attract more young drinkers, fueling increased alcohol problems and increasing public costs. The best interests of consumers, young people, the U.S. Treasury, and the public health and safety  of America would be better served by raising, not lowering beer taxes. (Alcohol Taxes on the Federal Front, 2005)

A Narrative Of The Captivity And Restoration - 1562 Words

Native- European encounters date all the way back to the early 1700’s. They’re countless stories and narratives, which focus on different details of the Native Americans, and Europeans. New England colonies were typically known for the formation and development of American literature. European colonization and territorial cross-over onto Native land, sparked many of the stories written that scholars still read, to this day. Many different themes are used to characterize the literature created during this time period. Based off of the well-known British captain, John Smith, â€Å"The New World† movie, and The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles was created. The capturing of the Christian Englishwoman, Mary Rowlandson, produced the famous narrative, A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration. Readers of these stories can analyze various portrayals of the encounters of this time period. One can depict a few of the apparent themes rep resented such as, myth versus history and savage versus civilized. These thematic contents are shown in the narratives, General History of Virginia, New England and the Summer Isles by John Smith, A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration by Mary Rowlandson, and the 2005 movie, â€Å"The New World†, written by Terrence Malik. Myth versus historical fact, is a major theme represented in these encounters. Hollywood’s’ representation of Pocahontas can be to blame for the many misconceptions of Indians and theirShow MoreRelatedA Narrative Of The Captivity And Restoration999 Words   |  4 Pagesis reoccurring theme in the narrative, â€Å"A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration,† written by Mary Rowlandson. Rowlandson was taken captive by Indians in 1675, she documented those eleven weeks in this narrative (Rowlandson ,256). It is a tragic tale that starts with seeing her family and friends drowning in their own blood, all the while seeing her old life go up in smoke. Mary is a fine example of puritan faith who never gave up hope. In Mary Rowlandson’s narrative she demonstrates her puritanRead MoreA Narrative Of The Captivity And Restoration Of Mary Rowlandson Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pagesthe semester we have discussed a few captivity narratives such as: John Smith, Mary Rowlandson, and Cotton Mather. From a personal standpoint, Mary Rowlandson’s captivity narrative was one of the best selections we have read in class thus far. It is a prominent source of biblical encouragement to those of the Puritan religion and some other religions that put God above all human and nature. Throughout the short story, a Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mary Rowlandson, it describes theRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Captivity And The Restoration Of Mary Rowlandson1611 Words   |  7 Pagesthese captives, and the resulting captivity narrative, titled The Narrative of the Captivity and the Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, published in 1682, is formed based on her memory. Rowlandson’s captivity narrative carried great significance in that it came to be used as a didactic Jeremiad, leading its Calvinist audience back towards God’s path and away from an allegorical wilderness. As a devout Calvinist, Rowlandson believes her journey through captivity is a test wrought by her God. HerRead MoreA Narrative Of The Captivity And Restoration Of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1042 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† and â€Å"A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson† are both nonfiction narratives that describe the struggles of women in some form of captivity. The similarities between these two texts are in some ways incredibly obvious, for instance they are both written in the first person from the perspective of marginalized women struggling to merely survive. â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† specifically deals with the extreme level ofRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Captivity And Restoration Of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1031 Words   |  5 PagesMary Rowlandson Captivity and Spiritual Freedom The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, or also known as The Sovereignty and Goodness of God, written by Mary Rowlandson is a powerful captivity narrative. Mary Rowlandson gives a first person perspective about her experience of being held captive during King Phillip’s War. Rowlandson lost everything by an Indian attack on her town. The Indian’s over took the town of Lancaster, catching homes on fire, killing and capturingRead MoreA Narrative Of The Captivity And Restoration Of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson982 Words   |  4 PagesA Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson The life one treasures and takes for granted today can be so easily erased in the blink of an eye and gone tomorrow. Therefore, not only is it important to cherish how one lives for today and now, but it’s also important to how one can overcome the misfortunes and hardships they may suffer; tragedy can make a person or break a person. Mary Rowlandson’s experience during her eleven weeks of captivity as documented in â€Å"A NarrativeRead More Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1366 Words   |  6 PagesNarrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson From the violent and brutal clash between Indians [1], and British colonists in Massachusetts during King Philips War (1675-6) grew a new literary genre. After their redemption, some colonists who had been prisoners of the Indians wrote autobiographical accounts of their experiences. These captivity narratives developed a large audience, and interest in the narratives continued into the nineteenth century.[2] After her captureRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Captivity And Restoration Of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson reveals that the ghastly depiction of the Indian religion (or what Rowlandson perceives as a lack of religion) in the narrative is directly related to the ideologies of her Puritan upbringing. Furthermore, Rowlandsons experiences in captivity and encounter with the new, or Other religion of the Indians cause her rethink, and question her past; her experiences do not however cause her to r edirect her life or change her idealsRead MoreThe Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1600 Words   |  7 PagesThe Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson reveals that the ghastly depiction of the Indian religion (or what Rowlandson perceives as a lack of religion) in the narrative is directly related to the ideologies of her Puritan upbringing. Furthermore, Rowlandsons experiences in captivity and encounter with the new, or Other religion of the Indians cause her rethink, and question her past; her experiences do not however cause her to redirect her life or change her idealsRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Captivity And The Restoration Of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson1422 Words   |  6 Pagesthese captives, and the resulting captivity narrative, titled The Narrative of the Captivity and the Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, published in 1682, is formed based on her memory. Rowlandson’s captivity narrative carried great sig nificance in that it came to be used as a didactic Jeremiad, leading its Calvinist audience back towards God’s path and away from an allegorical wilderness. As a devout Calvinist, Rowlandson believes that her journey through captivity is a test wrought by her God. Her